- Benoit, W. L. (1999). Seeing spots: A functional
analysis of presidential television advertisements from 1952-1996.
New York: Praeger.
- Benoit, W. L. (2001). The functional approach
to presidential television spots: Acclaiming, attacking, defending 1952-2000.
Communication Studies, 52, 109-126.
- Diamond, E., & Bates, S. (1993). The
spot: The rise of political advertising on television (3rd ed.).
Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
- Jamieson, J. H. (1996). Packaging the presidency:
A history and criticism of presidential campaign advertising
(3rd ed.). New York: Oxford University Press.
- Johnston, A., & Kaid, L. L. (2002). Image
ads and issue ads in U.S. presidential advertising: Using videostyle
to explore stylistic differences in televised political ads from 1952-2000.
Journal of Communication, 52, 281-300.
- Kaid, L. L, & Johnston, A. (2001). Videostyle
in presidential campaigns Style and content of televised political advertising.
Westport, CT: Praeger.
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Background:
Debate History
Do Debates
Influence
Voters?
What Do Debates
Talk About?
When Do
Debates Occur?
How Many People
Watch Presidential
Debates?
Debate Links
Resources on
Presidential Debates
Background:
History of Political
TV Advertising
Do TV Spots
Influence Voters?
Analysis of TV Spots
What Do TV Spots
Talk About?
View 2004 TV Spots
TV Spot Links
Resources on
TV Spots
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